RESEARCH PAPER
Cretaceous aggregate and reservoir effect in dating of binding materials
1
Institute of Geology, Department of Dynamic and Regional Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Makow Polnych 16, 61-606, Poznań, Poland
2
Institute of Physics, Department of Radioisotopes, Radiocarbon Laboratory, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
3
Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory, ul. Rubież 46, 61-612, Poznań, Poland
4
School of Engineering and Science, University of The West of Scotland, High Street, PA1 2BE, Paisley, Scotland
Online publication date: 2012-12-27
Publication date: 2013-03-01
Geochronometria 2013;40(1):33-41
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Lime mortars may contain carbon from different origins. If the mortars are made of totally burnt lime, radiocarbon dating yields the true age of building construction. The presence of carbonaceous aggregates gives the so-called dead carbon effect, which may generate older ages. Another source of carbon is charcoal present in mortars. An attempt has been made to apply the radiocarbon method to mortars of archaeologically estimated age from the Dead Sea region. Petrographical analyses of these samples show the carbonaceous character of the binder and large amounts of limestone aggregate. Determination of the mineral composition of the mortars and comparison with the geology of the surrounding, allows the provenance of the raw materials to be identified. They probably represent the Cretaceous rocks of the Judea Group.
Separate radiocarbon dates were made on bulk mortar samples, binder, charcoal fragments and separated fractions from mortars. In the case of binder-aggregate mixture the reservoir effect correction has been applied.
REFERENCES (27)
1.
Begin ZB, 1974. The geological map of Israel 1:50,000. Sheet 9-III: Jericho. Geological Survey of Israel Mapping Division. Jerusalem.
2.
Bronk Ramsey C, 2009. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51: 337–360.
3.
Bronk Ramsey C, 2010. WEB site: 〈http://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/embed.... Accessed date 20th of August 2012.
4.
Golb N, 1980. The problem of origin and identification of the Dead Sea scrolls. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 124(1): 1–24.
5.
Golb N, 1994. Khirbet Qumran and the manuscript finds of the Judean wilderness. In: Wise MO, eds, Methods of investigation of the Dead Sea scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran site. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 722: 51–72.
6.
Goslar T, Nawrocka D and Czernik J, 2009. Foraminiferous limestone in 14C dating of mortar. Radiocarbon 51(3): 987–993.
7.
Heinemeier J, Jungner H, Lindroos A, Ringbom Å, von Konow T and Rud N, 1997. AMS 14C dating of lime mortar. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 123(1–4): 487–95, DOI 10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00705-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S016....
8.
Higham TFG, Taylor JE and Green D, 2003. Radiocarbon Datings from Khirbet Qumran undertaken by the University of Waikato Laboratory. In: Khirbet Qumrân et’ Aïn Feshkha, II. Études d’anthropologie, de physique et de chimie. Studies of Anthropology, Physics and Chemistry. pp. 197–200, Academic Press — Éditions Saint-Paul, Fribourg Suisse / Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen.
9.
Humbert JB and Gunneweg J, 2003. Khirbet Qumrân et Ain Feshkha. Academic Press Fribourg, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen.
10.
Humbert JB, 2006. Some remarks on the archaeology of Qumran. In: Galor K and Humbert JB, eds, The site of the Dead Sea scrolls: Archaeological interpretations and debates: 19–39.
11.
Jull TAJ, Donahue D, Broshi M and Tov E, 1996. Radiocarbon dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments From the Judean Desert. Atiqot, XXVIII. Israel Antiquities Authority Jerusalem: 1–7.
12.
Lindroos A, Heinemeier J, Ringbom A, Braskén M and Sveinbjörnsdóttir A, 2007. Mortar dating using AMS 14C and sequential dissolution: examples from medieval, non-hydraulic lime mortars from the Aland Islands, SW Finland. Radiocarbon 49(1): 47–67.
13.
Michniewicz J, 2009. Qumran and Jericho pottery: a petrographic and chemical provenance study. Seria Geologia, vol. 20. UAM Press.
14.
Nawrocka D, Czernik J and Goslar T, 2009a. 14C dating of carbonate mortars from Polish and Israeli sites. Radiocarbon 51(2): 857–866.
15.
Nawrocka D, Goslar T and Pazdur A, 2009b. Historic mortars and plasters as a material for age determination. [In] Bostenaru Dan M., Prikryl R., Torok A., (eds): Materials, Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures. Springer. ISBN: 978-90-481-2683-5. pp. 180–192.
16.
Nawrocka D, Michniewicz J, Pawlyta J and Pazdur A, 2005. Application of radiocarbon method for dating of lime mortars. Geochronometria 24: 109–115.
17.
Nawrocka D, Pazdur A, Michczyńska DJ and Czernik J, 2007. Radiocarbon chronology of the ancient settlement on the Golan Heights. Radiocarbon 49(2): 625–638.
18.
Pazdur A, Bluszcz A, Stankowski W and Starkel L, eds, 1999. Geochronology of Upper Quaternary in Poland in luminescence and radiocarbon dating (in Polish). WIND J. Wojewoda-Wrocław.
19.
Pazdur A, Michczyński A, Pawlyta J and Spahiu P, 2000. Comparision of the radiocarbon dating methods used in the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory. Geochronometria 18: 9–14.
20.
Reimer PJ, Baillie MGL, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck CE, Burr GS, Edwards RL, Friedrich M, Grootes PM, Guilderson TP, Hajdas I, Heaton TJ, Hogg AG, Hughen KA, Kaiser KF, Kromer B, McCormac FG, Manning SW, Reimer RW, Richards DA, Southon JR, Talamo S, Turney CSM, van der Plicht J and Weyhenmeyer CE, 2009. IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 51(4): 1111–1150.
21.
Roth I, 1974. The geological map of Israel 1:50,000. Sheet 12-I: Wadi el Qilt. Geological Survey of Israel. Soft Imaging System, 1999. AnalySIS user’s guide.
22.
Sonninen E and Jungner H, 2001. An improvement in preparation of mortar for radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon 43(2A): 271–273.
23.
Stuiver M and Polach H, 1977. Discussion — reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19: 355–363.
24.
Taylor JE and Higham T, 1998. Problems of Qumran`s chronology and radiocarbon dating of Palm Log samples in Locus 86. The Qumran Chronicle 8(1–2): 83–95.
25.
Van Der Plicht J, Rasmussen K, Glastrup J, Taylor JE and Doudna G, 2003. Radiocarbon datings of material from the Qumran excavation. In: Humbert JB and Gunneweg J, eds, Khirbet Qumrân et Ain Feshkha. Academic Press Fribourg, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen: 193–196.
26.
Vaux R de, 1953. Exploration de la region de Qumrân. Repport préliminaire. Revue Biblique 60: 540–561.
27.
Vaux R de, 1973. Archaeology of the Dead Sea scrolls. Oxford University Press, London.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1897-1695 |
| ISSN: | 1733-8387 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
